The American Pain Society and the American Academy of Pain Medicine issued the 2009 version of “Guidelines on the use of opioids in treating chronic noncancer pain”. 

Recommendations

. 1. Patient Selection and Risk Stratification

. 2. Informed Consent and Opioid Management Plans

. 3. Initiation and titration of COT

. 4. Methadone

. 5. Monitoring

. 6. High-Risk Patients

. 7. Dose Escalations, High-Dose Opioid Therapy, Opioid Rotation, and Indications for Discontinuation of Therapy

. 8. Opioid-Related Adverse Effects

. 9. Use of Psychotherapeutic Cointerventions

. 10. Driving and Work Safety

. 11. Identifying a Medical Home and When to Obtain Consultation

. 12. Breakthrough Pain

. 13. Opioids in Pregnancy

. 14. Opioid Policies

Download free full text: 2009 Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain

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