The American Pain Society and the American Academy of Pain Medicine issued the 2009 version of “Guidelines on the use of opioids in treating chronic noncancer pain”.
Recommendations
. 1. Patient Selection and Risk Stratification
. 2. Informed Consent and Opioid Management Plans
. 3. Initiation and titration of COT
. 4. Methadone
. 5. Monitoring
. 6. High-Risk Patients
. 7. Dose Escalations, High-Dose Opioid Therapy, Opioid Rotation, and Indications for Discontinuation of Therapy
. 8. Opioid-Related Adverse Effects
. 9. Use of Psychotherapeutic Cointerventions
. 10. Driving and Work Safety
. 11. Identifying a Medical Home and When to Obtain Consultation
. 12. Breakthrough Pain
. 13. Opioids in Pregnancy
. 14. Opioid Policies
Download free full text: 2009 Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain