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Animation explaining mechanism of action of glucocorticoids and comparative glucocorticoids potencies table.
Mechanism of action of adrenocorticosteroids – from: Bertram G. Katzung, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Mc Graw-Hill Medical, 2007) – “Most of the known effects of the glucocorticoids are mediated by widely distributed glucocorticoid receptors. These proteins are members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that includes steroid, sterol (vitamin D), thyroid, retinoic acid, and many
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors antagonists (blockers): mechanism of action animation
Additional information about alpha 1 blocking drugs. Source: Bertram G. Katzung, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Mc Graw-Hill Medical, 2007) ” Phentolamine, an imidazoline derivative, is a potent competitive antagonist at both alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors . Phentolamine causes a reduction in peripheral resistance through blockade of alpha 1 receptors and possibly alpha 2
Epinephrine (adrenaline) mechanism of action: animation showing the signal transduction process
Drugs related to this animation Adrenoceptor-Activating & Other Sympathomimetic Drugs:Dobutamine, Ephedrine, Epinephrine, Hydroxyamphetamine, Isoproterenol, Methylphenidate, Naphazoline, Norepinephrine. Source of animation: Lodish, et al., Molecular Cell Biology, Fifth Edition, W. H. Freeman & Co.Developed by Sumanas, Inc.
Estradiol receptor signal transduction: 3-D video animations explaining its mechanism of action.
Two excelent 3D animations about the mechanism of action of estradiol in the activation of estradiol receptor. Additional information from Wikipedia article on estrogen receptor: “There are two types of estrogen receptor, ER is a member of the nuclear hormone family of intracellular receptors which is activated by the hormone 17β-estradiol[1] (estrogen), while the estrogen
Zolpidem, zoplicone and zaleplon (z-drugs) side effects profile: Australian Prescriber press release
Hypnotic hazards and effects of z-drugs immeasurable “It is difficult to know the extent of use and adverse effects of zolpidem and other z-drugs (zopiclone and zaleplon) because they have never been listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, senior Sleep Disorders Physician Dr Les Olson writes in the latest edition of Australian Prescriber.
EMEA: Norfloxacin should not be used to treat acute or chronic complicated pyelonephritis
This press release was published on July 2008: EMEA recommends restricted use of oral norfloxacin-containing medicines in urinary infections The European Medicines Agency has recommended restricting the use of oral norfloxacin-containing medicines in urinary infections. The Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has concluded that the marketing authorisations for oral norfloxacin-containing medicines,
Nitrous oxide: neurological and haematological toxic effects. Update by the MHRA
Nitrous oxide: neurological and haematological toxic effects, especially with prolonged use Keywords: Nitrous oxide, neurological, haematological toxicity “Neurological and haematological toxic effects can occur with prolonged use of nitrous oxide. Neurological effects can occur without preceding overt haematological changes.Assessment of vitamin B12 levels should be considered before nitrous oxide anaesthesia in people with risk factors
Osteoarthritis treatment podcast: NSAIDs, opioids, glucosamine and other therapies
In this podcast, the team of Therapeutics Initiative reviews the pharmacological and non pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis. “In our 32nd episode we review the therapeutic options for the treatment of osteoarthritis. We first deal with lifestyle interventions for osteoarthritis. We consider the pain pharmaceuticals like acetaminophen, topical or oral NSAIDs, and opiates as well as
Zoledronic acid: summary review and side effects profile published on the NPS RADAR
An excerpt of the summary review and side effects profile of Zoledronic acid, published on the australian NPS RADAR: Zoledronic acid is an intravenous bisphosphonate. It is given as a once-yearly infusion for osteoporosis in women with any fracture, and in men with a minimal-trauma hip fracture. Some patients may prefer zoledronic acid to oral
Theraloc (nimotuzumab) for high grade glioma: the manufacturer withdrawed its marketing application
EMEA press release about the marketing authorization withdrawal for the monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab (Theraloc): Oncoscience AG withdraws its application for Theraloc (nimotuzumab) The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) has been formally notified by Oncoscience AG of its decision to withdraw its application for a centralised marketing authorisation for the medicine Theraloc (nimotuzumab), 5 mg/ml concentrate for solution for
Pharmacodynamics animation: full agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists, competitive antagonists and irreversible antagonists.
First, some pharmacodynamic definitions related to the animation: Full Agonists: Compounds that are able to elicit a maximal response following receptor occupation and activation. Partial Agonists: Compounds that can activate receptors but are unable to elicit the maximal response of the receptor system. Inverse agonist: an agent which binds to the same receptor binding-site as
NPS RADAR: Rosiglitazone is a third-line choice in diabetes type 2 treatment
Summary of the review of the NPS RADAR on rosiglitazone (Avandia) Rosiglitazone improves glycaemic control but there is a lack of evidence that it improves diabetes–related clinical complications and mortality. Prescribers should consider this —along with recently emerging safety information — when assessing the ratio of potential harms and benefits for each patient. Rosiglitazone is
Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system: animation showing their mechanism of action
The following is a list of drugs related to the animation: Adrenoceptor-Activating & Other Sympathomimetic Drugs Dobutamine, Ephedrine, Epinephrine, Hydroxyamphetamine, Isoproterenol, Methylphenidate, Naphazoline, Norepinephrine. Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs Acebutolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Carteolol, Carvedilo,l Carvedilol, Esmolol, Labetalol, Metoprolol, Nadolol, Pindolol, Propranolol, Sotalol, Timolol. Cholinoceptor-Activating (Acetylcholine receptor stimulants) Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol, Cevimeline, Pilocarpine. Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs (Cholinoceptor antagonists)
Pharmacokinetics. What is clearance -volume/unit time- (Cl, Clx)?
The following pharmacological definition has been taken from the Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Department Glossary at Boston University School of Medicine. Cl, Clx: Clearance – in volume/unit time – of a drug or chemical from a body fluid, usually plasma or blood, by specified route(s) and mechanism(s) of elimination, as indicated by a subscript, e.g.,
About the doctor – drug rep relationship: what do big pharmas know about you?
These are tables from an article published in PLoS Medicine about the relationship between pharmaceutical industry and doctors. Below are described the tactics drug reps use to manipulate physicians. IN MY OPINION, EVERY PRACTISING MD SHOULD READ THESE CATEGORIES Click on an image to see its full size Source: PLoS Medicine. Following the Script: How